SQA National 5 Psychology Practice Exam

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What is a common limitation of correlational studies?

They cannot determine causality

Correlational studies are primarily designed to measure the relationship or association between two variables, but they do not establish a cause-and-effect relationship. This limitation arises because correlation only indicates that a relationship exists, not that one variable influences or causes changes in another. For example, if a study finds a positive correlation between ice cream sales and drowning incidents, it does not mean that increasing ice cream sales causes more drownings; there may be a third variable (such as warm weather) that affects both.

Understanding this limitation helps researchers and readers critically evaluate the findings of a correlational study and consider the potential for confounding variables that could influence the relationship observed.

They are too costly to conduct

They require large sample sizes

They are hard to analyze

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